Terms to understand better Children with Speech Delay
These are words to that I have come across with my reading and research to help my baby overcome her speech delay
BASIC TERMS
1.) Speech - how a child pronounces his words. Forming a word using the lips, toe, cheeks and jaw. Speech is the actual output of sound – the articulation.
2.) Language - how a child puts words in a sentence. Use of vocabulary to form phrases and sentences.
3.) Communication- how a child conveys one’s meaning or message to others.
4.) Receptive language- how well a child understands – or receives – words they hear.
5.) Expressive language- how well a child develops vocabulary and starts build phrases and sentences.
6.) Auditory Processing Disorder- inability to listen, comprehend, and respond to information that we hear through our auditory channels. This includes the detection of sound by the external ear and the transmission of sound through the auditory pathways to the brain.
SYMPTOMS OF SPEECH DELAY
1.) Echolalia- the automatic repetition of vocalizations made by another person.
2.) Echopraxia- the automatic repetition of movements made by another person. In a toddler, this means that you would say something to them, and they’d repeat it back to you
SKILLS AFFECTED BY SPEECH DELAY
Cognitive Skill- basic mental abilities use to think, study and learn.
Motor Skill- an act or task that has a goal to achieve voluntary body or limb movement to be properly performed
Spatial ability- a category of reasoning skills that refers to the capacity to think about objects in three dimensions and to draw conclusions about those objects without the relevant stimuli
CAUSES OF SPEECH DELAY
Auditory Processing Disorder- inability to listen, comprehend, and respond to information that we hear through our auditory channels. This includes the detection of sound by the external ear and the transmission of sound through the auditory pathways to the brain.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) - Developmental disorder that are marked by significant levels of hyperactivity, inattentiveness, and impulsiveness.
Hearing Deficit- how well a person can hear the intensities or frequencies most strongly associated with speech. Generally, only children whose hearing loss is greater than 90 decibels (dB) are considered deaf.
Developmental disorders- an impairment in the normal development of motor or cognitive skills that occur at some stage in a child's development, often retarding the development.
Neurological disorders- Disorder of the nervous system
sensory dysfunction, seizure disorders, cerebral palsy
Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD)- a group of developmental conditions that involve delayed or impaired communication and social skills, behaviors, and cognitive skills (learning).
Autism- a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life and is the result of a neurological disorder that affects the normal functioning of the brain, impacting development in the areas of social interaction and communication skills.
Physiologic Disorder - cleft palate, head trauma or encephalitis {brain inflammation from infection.
Familial Predisposition- history in the family of language delays, weakness in the area of verbal expression, or difficulties in school.
Gag Disorder – a condition at which when tongue in certain positions to make certain sounds it would make a child want to throw up.
Sensory Processing Disorder- a neurological disorder that results from the brain's inability to integrate certain information received from the body's five basic sensory systems.
SPECIALIST/PROFESSIONALS RELATED TO SPEECH
Developmental Behavioral Pediatrician- coordinate and monitor the child’s intervention, progress and subsequent development
Speech Language pathologist or Speech Therapist - assess, diagnose, treat, and help to prevent disorders related to speech, language, cognitive-communication, voice, swallowing, and fluency.
Occupational Therapist- help kids work on fine motor skills, behavioral disorders learn anger-management techniques, improve focus and social skills, and address hand-eye coordination.
Audiologist- Specially trained health care professionals that evaluates and identify hearing and balance function in patients from birth through adulthood\
SPED Teacher- Holders of diploma in Special Education program (DSPED). They enhance the knowledge and skills of students on the needs of special children in school and at home
Pediatric Neurologist- Treats nervous system problems in children. This includes diseases of the brain, spinal cord and nerves, such as epilepsy, cerebral palsy and a wide variety of nerve and muscle diseases
METHODS TO OVERCOME SPEECH DELAY
- Reinforcing stimuli - are environmental events that occur after a behavior that increase the likelihood of that behavior occurring in the future. Treats, praise, special privileges, music, toys, virtually anything can be used as reinforcement
- Phonics – letter-sound relationship. Strengthen the child’s ability to read
